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2. REPORTING QUESTIONS
(SORULARIN AKTARILMASI)
REPORTING YES / NO QUESTIONS
(Cevabı evet / hayır türünden soruların aktarılması)
Cevabı evet / hayır türünden soruları aktarırken soru cümlesi daha öne noun clause’da öğrendiğimiz gibi düz cümle yapısına dönüştürülür. Bu arada düz cümleleri aktarırken yapılan değişiklikler (tense, zamir, iyelik sıfatı ve zaman zarfı) soruların aktarılmasında da uygulanır. Ayrıca aktarılacak cümlenin önüne if ya da whether getirilir. Bu iki kelimenin aktarılacak cümleye kattığı anlam “yapıp yapmadığı” şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Bir başka deyişle if ya da whether arkasından gelen cümleyi olumlu ve olumsuz çevirmemiz gerektiğini işaret eder.
Subject asked object if / whether subject verb object
Reported speech’te cevabı evet / hayır türünden soruları aktarırken kullanılan if eğer anlamına gelmez. Whether kelimesi de if gibi görev yapar ve “hava” anlamına gelen ve farklı bir kelime olan weather ile karıştırılmamalıdır.
Soruları aktarırken aktarma fiili (reporting verb) olarak ask, wanted to know, inquire ve wonder gibi fiilleri kullanırız.
Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz.
John: Do you live in a big city?
(John: Büyük bir şehirde mi yaşıyorsun?)
John asked me if / whether I lived in a big city.
(John bana büyük bir şehirde yaşayıp yaşamadığımı sordu.)
Örnekte de görüldüğü gibi öncelikle soruyu soran kişiyle (yukarıdaki örnekte John) başlanır. Ardından aktarılan cümle soru cümlesi olduğu için yukarıda ifade edilen aktarma fiillerinden (asked, wanted to know, inquired, wondered, vb.) biri kullanılır. Sonra sözün aktarıldığı kişi (yukarıdaki örnekte me) yani nesne gelir. Daha sonra ise if ya da whether kelimelerinden birini kullanırız. En nihayetinde aktarılacak olan cümle soru yapısından düz cümle yapısına (subject verb object) dönüştürülür. Düz cümlelerin aktarılmasında öğrendiğimiz zaman, zamir, iyelik sıfatı ve zaman zarfındaki değişiklikler soruların aktarılmasında da geçerlidir.
Fiona: Does your mother like coffee?
(Fiona: Annen kahve sever mi?)
Fiona asked me if / whether my mother liked coffee.
(Fiona bana annemin kahve sevip sevmediğini sordu.)
Yukarıdaki örnekte görüldüğü gibi soruyu soran kişi Fiona’dır. Soru bana sorulduğuna ve aktaranda ben olduğuma göre “Fiona bana sordu” (Fiona asked me) cümlesiyle aktarma işine başlarız. Ardından if ya da whether kelimelerinden birini getirip Simple Present Tense’le sorulan soruyu düz cümle yapısıyla Simple Past Tense’le ifade ederiz.
Aşağıdaki farklı örnekleri inceleyerek öğrendiklerinizi pekiştiriniz.
My friend: Are you having a good time?
(Arkadaşım: İyi vakit geçiriyor musun?)
My friend asked me if / whether I was having a good time.
(Arkadaşım bana iyi vakit geçirip geçirmediğimi sordu.)
Soruyu aktaran kişi ben olduğum için “you” şahıs zamiri aktarılırken “I” olmuştur.
Sorunun tense’i Present Continuous’dan Past Continuous’a dönüşmüştür.
If veya whether kelimeleri arkasından gelen cümleye “iyi vakit geçirip geçirmediğimi” anlamı vermektedir.
Daniel: Can Ted swim?
Julie: I don’t know.
Daniel: Ted yüzebiliyor mu?
Julie: Bilmiyorum.
Daniel asked Julie if Ted could swim.
(Daniel Julie’ye Ted’in yüzüp yüzemediğini sordu.)
Mark: Have you seen Jack recently?
Linda: Yes, I have.
Mark: Son zamanlarda Jack’i gördün mü?
Linda: Evet, gördüm.
Mark asked Linda whether she had seen Jack recently.
(Mark Linda’ya son zamanlarda Jack’i görüp görmediğini sordu.)
Me: Did you call him?
Alan: No, I didn’t.
Ben: Onu aradın mı?
Alan: Hayır, aramadım.
I asked Alan if he had called him.
(Alan’a onu arayıp aramadığını sordum.)
Andrew: Will you visit your grandfather tomorrow?
Martha: Yes, I will.
Andrew: Yarın dedeni ziyaret edecek misin?
Martha: Evet, edeceğim.
Andrew asked Martha if she would visit her grandfather the following day.
(Andrew Martha’ya yarın dedesini ziyaret edip etmeyeceğini sordu.)
The woman: Are you married?
Me: No, I am not.
Kadın: Evli misin?
Adam: Hayır, değilim.
The woman asked me if I was married.
(Kadın bana evli olup olmadığımı sordu.)
Susan: Have you broken the vase?
Susan asked her daughters if they had broken the vase.
(Susan, kızlarına vazoyu kırıp kırmadıklarını sordu.)
1. Aşağıdaki cevabı evet / hayır türünden soruları aktarınız.
1. “Did he pass the university entrance exam?”
My history teacher asked me ___________________________________________.
2. “Is she watching TV now?”
He asked his wife ____________________________________________________.
3. “Have you fed the baby?”
The woman asked the babysitter ________________________________________.
4. “Does your son play football at weekends?”
My next-door neighbour asked me _______________________________________.
5. “Is it expensive?”
My father asked my mother _____________________________________________.
6. “Can your mother cook very well?”
The woman asked her _________________________________________________.
7. “Were you ill yesterday?”
The teacher asked me _________________________________________________.
8. “Was it cold yesterday?”
He asked me ________________________________________________________.
9. “Are you going to help Elizabeth with her homework after dinner?”
The woman asked her husband _________________________________________.
10. “Did your daughter use to eat vegetables as a child?”
She asked him _______________________________________________________.
11. “Should you leave now?”
She asked her friends _________________________________________________.
12. “Will there be a strike soon?”
They asked us _______________________________________________________.
13. “Is there any milk in the fridge?”
My father asked my mother _____________________________________________.
14. “Have you ever seen a ghost”?
His friend asked him __________________________________________________.
15. “Was America discovered in the 16th century?”
I asked the teacher ___________________________________________________.
16. “Can I pay by cheque?”
The customer asked the cashier _________________________________________.
17. “Might the inflation rate increase next year?”
The reporter asked the minister of economy ________________________________.
18. “Do you think you can find a solution to this problem?”
He asked her ________________________________________________________.
19. “Were they painting the walls when you arrived?”
He asked me ________________________________________________________.
20. “May they be in danger?”
I asked the policeman _________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY
1. My history teacher asked me if he had passed the university entrance exam.
2. He asked his wife if she was watching TV then.
3. The woman asked the babysitter if she had fed the baby.
4. My next-door neighbour asked me if my son played football at weekends.
5. My father asked my mother if it was expensive.
6. The woman asked her if her mother could cook very well.
7. The teacher asked me if I had been ill the day before.
8. He asked me if it had been cold the previous day.
9. The woman asked her husband if he was going to help Elizabeth with her homework after dinner.
10. She asked him if his daughter used to eat vegetables as a child.
11. She asked her friends if they should leave then.
12. They asked us if there would be a strike soon.
13. My father asked my mother if there was any milk in the fridge.
14. His friend asked him if he had ever seen a ghost.
15. I asked the teacher if America had been discovered in the 16th century.
16. The customer asked the cashier if he could pay by cheque.
17. The reporter asked the minister of economy if the inflation rate might increase the following year.
18. He asked her if she thought she could find a solution to that problem.
19. He asked me if they had been painting the walls when I arrived.
20. I asked the policeman if they might be in danger.
REPORTING QUESTIONS WITH A QUESTION WORD
(Soru kelimeli soruların aktarılması)
Soru kelimeli soruların aktarılmasında da tıpkı cevabı evet / hayır türünden soruların aktarılmasında olduğu gibi noun clause yapıyı kullanırız. Ancak farklı olarak yaptığımız şey if ya da whether yerine bu kez soru kelimesini kullanmaktır.
Subject asked object Q.W. subject verb object
Tom: Where do you live? (Tom: Nerede yaşıyorsun?)
Tom asked me where I lived. (Tom bana nerede yaşadığımı sordu.)
Yukarıdaki örnekte de görüldüğü gibi öncelikle soruyu soran kişiyle başlarız. Sonra asked, wanted to know, vb. daha önce sözünü ettiğimiz bir aktarma fiili kullanırız. Ardından sorunun aktarıldığı kişi gelir. Son olarak soru kelimesini söyler ve gerekli zaman (tense), zamir (pronoun), iyelik sıfatı (possessive adjective), zaman zarfı (time expression) vb. gibi değişiklikleri yaparak aktarılacak cümlenin soru yapısını düz cümle yapısına çeviririz.
Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz.
The policeman: How old are you?
The policeman asked the young man how old he was.
(Polis, genç adama kaç yaşında olduğunu sordu.)
The teacher: What’s your name?
The teacher asked him what his name was.
(Öğretmen ona adının ne olduğunu sordu.)
Nick: How long have you worked in an office?
Nick asked Jack how long he had worked in an office.
(Nick, Jack’e bir ofiste ne kadar süre çalıştığını sordu.)
Tina: What are you doing?
Tina asked me what I was doing.
(Tina bana ne yaptığımı sordu.)
The tourist: How can I get to the train station?
The tourist asked me how he could get to the train station.
(Turist bana tren istasyonuna nasıl gidebileceğini sordu.)
Mary: Where did you meet him yesterday?
Mary asked Jane where she had met him the previous day.
(Mary, Jane’e onu bir önceki gün nerede gördüğünü sordu.)
My father: What did you buy yesterday?
My father asked my mother what she had bought the day before.
(Babam, anneme bir gün önce ne aldığını sordu.)
Customer: How much do I have to pay for it?
The customer wanted to know how much she had to pay for it.
(Müşteri, onun için ne kadar ödemesi gerektiğini öğrenmek istedi.)
1. Aşağıdaki soru kelimeli soruları aktarınız.
1. “Where did you grow up?”
Wayne asked him ____________________________________________________.
2. “How much is a carton of milk?”
The customer asked the shopkeeper _____________________________________.
3. “What were you arguing about?”
My mother asked them ________________________________________________.
4. “When are you going to repair the roof?”
The woman asked her husband _________________________________________.
5. “Who will you help?”
He asked me ________________________________________________________.
6. “What time is it?”
He asked me ________________________________________________________.
7. “How is your new house?”
She wanted to know __________________________________________________.
8. “How long have you been living here?”
She wanted to know __________________________________________________.
9. “How much does it cost?”
He inquired _________________________________________________________.
10. “How many students are there in your class?”
My father wanted to know______________________________________________.
11. “What time does the train arrive in the city?”
He asked me ________________________________________________________.
12. “What is this?”
He wondered ________________________________________________________.
13. “Where were you yesterday?”
My friend wondered ___________________________________________________.
14. “Where was your father born?”
She asked him _______________________________________________________.
15. “What were they wearing?”
She asked her _______________________________________________________.
16. “Why didn’t you call me last week?”
She asked her daughter _______________________________________________.
17. “When are you leaving?”
I
He asked her ________________________________________________________.
18. “Why can’t you do it?”
I asked her __________________________________________________________.
19. “What games did children use to play a hundred years ago?”
Melissa asked the teacher ______________________________________________.
20. “Why aren’t you sleeping?”, Gary asked me.
Gary wanted to know __________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY
1. Wayne asked him where he had grown up.
2. The customer asked the shopkeeper how much a carton of milk was.
3. My mother asked them what they had been arguing about.
4. The woman asked her husband when he was going to repair the roof.
5. He asked me who I would help.
6. He asked me what time it was.
7. She wanted to know how my new house was.
8. She wanted to know how long I had been living there.
9. He inquired how much it cost.
10. My father wanted to know how many students there were in my class.
11. He asked me what time the train arrived in the city.
12. He wondered what that was.
13. My friend wondered where I had been the day before.
14. She asked him where his father had been born.
15. She asked her what they had been wearing.
16. She asked her daughter why she hadn’t called her the previous week.
17. He asked her when she was leaving.
18. I asked her why she couldn’t do it.
19. Melissa asked the teacher what games children used to play a hundred years before.
20. Gary wanted to know why I wasn’t sleeping.
3. REPORTING ORDERS, REQUESTS, ADVICE AND WARNINGS
Emir, talimat, istek, rica, tavsiye, uyarı, yasaklama ve hatırlatmaları farklı şekilde aktarırız. Bu tür cümleleri aktarırken aşağıdaki fiillerden uygun olanını kullanırız. Örneğin emirleri aktarırken order, talimatları aktarırken instruct, istekleri aktarırken tell, ricalarda ask veya request, tavsiyelerde advise, uyarıları aktarırken warn, bir yasağı aktarırken forbid ve hatırlatmalar için de remind fiillerini kullanırız.
Bu tür cümleleri aktarırken kullandığımız yapı aşağıdaki gibidir.
order
instruct
tell
ask
Subject request somebody (not) to V1 something
advise
warn
forbid
remind
Reporting orders
(Emirlerin aktarılması)
The commander: Blow up the bridge!
He ordered his soldiers to blow up the bridge.
(Askerlerine köprüyü havaya uçurmalarını emretti.)
Reporting instructions
(Talimatların aktarılması)
The boss: Send this email to our customers.
The boss instructed his secretary to send that email to their customers.
(Patron sekreterine epostayı müşterilerine göndermesi talimatını verdi.)
Mary: Switch off the TV.
She told me to switch off the TV.
(Bana televizyonu kapatmamı söyledi.)
Reporting requests
(Ricaların aktarılması)
Tom: Can you help me?
Tom / He asked me to help him.
(Tom / O benden ona yardım etmemi rica etti.)
Tom / He asked me if I could help him.
(Tom ona yardım edip edemeyeceğimi sordu.)
Tom: Can you lend me some money?
Tom / O asked me to lend him some money.
(Tom benden ona biraz ödünç para vermemi istedi.)
Tom asked me if I could lend him some money.
(Tom ona ödünç para verip veremeyeceğimi sordu.)
Ted: Can / Could you help me carry my suitcase?
Ted asked me to help him carry his suitcase.
(Ted benden bavulunu taşımasında ona yardım etmemi istedi.)
Ted asked me if I can help him carry his suitcase.
(Ted bana bavulunu taşımasına yardım edip edemeyeceğimi sordu.)
The businessman: Could you send me the details, please?
The businessman requested his partner to send him the details.
(İş adamı ortağından detayları ona göndermesini rica etti.)
Reporting advice
(Tavsiyelerin aktarılması)
The man: You should see Cappadocia.
The man advised some tourists to see Cappadocia.
(Adam turistlere Kapadokya’yı görmelerini tavsiye etti.)
The doctor: You had better stop smoking or you will die.
The doctor urged my father to stop smoking.
(Doktor sigarayı bırakması için babamın dikkatini çekti.)
Reporting warnings
(Uyarıların aktarılması)
My father: Don’t play tennis on a wet court. You might get injured.
He warned us not to play tennis on a wet court.
(Babam bizi ıslak kortta tenis oynamamamız için bizi uyardı.)
The Minister of Economy: Be prepared for the coming global economic crisis.
The Minister of Economy warned us to be prepared for the coming global economic crisis.
(Ekonomi Bakanı yaklaşmakta olan küresel ekonomik krize hazırlıklı olmamız için bizi uyardı.)
Reporting prohibition
(Yasaklamaların aktarılması)
My parents: Don’t play computer games.
My parents forbade me to play computer games.
(Annem ve babam bana bilgisayar oyunları oynamamı yasakladı.)
Reporting reminders
(Hatırlatmaların aktarılması)
The teacher: Don’t forget to do your homework.
The teacher reminded us to do our homework.
(Öğretmen bize ödevlerimizi yapmamızı hatırlattı.)
Reporting suggestions
(Önerilerin aktarılması)
Helen: Why don’t we fly to London?
Helen suggested flying to London because it would take much longer to go there by car.
(Helen Londra’ya uçakla gitmeyi önerdi.)
My friend: Let’s play chess.
My friend suggested playing chess.
(Arkadaşım satranç oynamayı önerdi.)
1. Aşağıdaki cümleleri aktarınız.
1. The officer: Stop talking and listen to me!
___________________________________________________________
2. My boss: Don’t be late for the meeting.
___________________________________________________________
3. Sarah: Can you open the window, please?
___________________________________________________________
4. The doctor: You should drink more water every day.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6. My parents: Don’t go out after midnight.
___________________________________________________________
7. The guide: Be careful when you walk on the rocks.
___________________________________________________________
8. The student: Let’s have a break.
___________________________________________________________
9. The manager: Send this report to the head office immediately.
___________________________________________________________
10. My friend: Why don’t we go to the cinema tonight?
___________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY
1. The officer ordered us to stop talking and listen to him.
2. My boss told me not to be late for the meeting.
3. Sarah asked me to open the window.
4. The doctor advised me to drink more water every day.
5. My teacher reminded us to bring our dictionaries the next day.
6. My parents forbade me to go out after midnight.
7. The guide warned us to be careful when we walked on the rocks.
8. The student suggested having a break.
9. The manager instructed his secretary to send that report to the head office immediately.
10. My friend suggested going to the cinema that night.
2. Aşağıdaki cümleleri doğru aktarma fiiliyle tamamlayınız.
(order, tell, ask, advise, warn, forbid, remind, suggest, request)
1. The police officer __________ the driver to pull over.
2. My mother __________ me not to eat too much junk food.
3. He __________ me to lock the door before leaving.
4. The boss __________ his secretary to make five copies of the document.
5. The teacher __________ the students to revise for the exam.
6. The woman __________ her husband to take the umbrella because it might rain.
7. The guide __________ the tourists not to feed the animals.
8. The manager __________ his staff to be on time for the meeting.
9. Our teacher __________ us to do our homework.
10. My friend __________ going to the beach instead of studying.
ANSWER KEY
1. The police officer ordered the driver to pull over.
2. My mother warned me not to eat too much junk food.
3. He told me to lock the door before leaving.
4. The boss instructed his secretary to make five copies of the document.
5. The teacher advised the students to revise for the exam.
6. The woman reminded her husband to take the umbrella because it might rain.
7. The guide warned the tourists not to feed the animals.
8. The manager told his staff to be on time for the meeting.
9. Our teacher reminded us to do our homework.
10. My friend suggested going to the beach instead of studying.
3. Aşağıdaki cümleleri aktarınız.
1. “I’m tired.”
Tom told me ________________________________________________________.
2. “My mother’s ill.”
Linda said that _______________________________________________________.
3. “They are in New York.”
Jack _______________________________________________________________.
4. “We are thirsty.”
Sam said that _______________________________________________________.
5. “My father is an architect.”
Andrew ____________________________________________________________.
6. “Her father is retired.”
Julie _______________________________________________________________.
7. “It’s cold”.
Mary ______________________________________________________________.
8. “I’m in a hurry.”
Elizabeth ___________________________________________________________.
9. “They are very expensive.”
Henry ______________________________________________________________.
10. “It’s an expensive watch.”
Sabrina ____________________________________________________________.
11. “We’re very happy.”
John and Kelly said___________________________________________________.
12. “I am afraid of dogs.”
Kim told me that _____________________________________________________.
13. “There are two pictures on the wall.”
My mother told my father that ___________________________________________.
14. “She is very fond of her children.”
Danial told his wife that ________________________________________________.
15. “It’s impossible to stay friends with you.”
Mel told me that ______________________________________________________.
I
1. Tom told me he was tired.
2. Linda said her mother was ill.
3. Jack said they were in New York.
4. Sam said they were thirsty.
5. Andrew said his father was an architect.
6. Julie said her father was retired.
7. Mary said it was cold.
8. Elizabeth said she was in a hurry.
9. Henry said they were expensive.
10. Sabrina said it was an expensive watch.
11. John and Kelly said they were very happy.
12. Kim said she was afraid of dogs.
13. My mother said there were two pictures on the wall.
14. Daniel said she was very fond of her children.
15. Mel told me that it was impossible to stay friends with me.