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İngilizce öğrenmenin en kolay hali...
İngilizce öğrenmenin en kolay hali...
REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT SPEECH)
(DOLAYLI ANLATIM)
Indirect speech ya da reported speech “dolaylı anlatım” anlamına gelir. “Dolaylı anlatım” birinin söylediği bir sözü bir başkasına aktarmaktır. Bunu yaparken yani birinin söylediği bir sözü bir başkasına aktarırken daha önce öğrendiğimiz noun clause yapısı kullanılır.
Reported speech konusunu daha iyi anlamak için aşağıdaki örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz.
Tom: Hava çok soğuk. (Direct speech: Doğrudan anlatım)
Mary: O (Tom) havanın çok soğuk olduğunu söyledi. (Indirect speech: Dolaylı anlatım)
Tom’un kurduğu cümleyi, Mary’nin bir başkasına aktarması dolaylı anlatım olarak adlandırılır.
Şimdi bu cümlelerin İngilizcelerini inceleyiniz.
Tom: The weather is very cold. (Direct speech)
Mary: He (Tom) said that the weather was very cold. (Indirect speech)
Bir cümle aktarılırken dikkat edilecek hususlar:
1. Bir sözü aktarırken reporting verbs (aktarma fiilleri) adını verdiğimiz say, tell, vb. bazı fiilleri kullanırız.
2. Aktarılan cümlenin tense’i değişir. (Yukarıdaki örnekte Mary, Tom’un söylediği cümleyi aktarırken is yardımcı fiilini was olarak değiştirmiştir.)
3. Ayrıca kişi zamirleri, nesne zamirler, iyelik sıfatları ve zaman zarfı da değişebilir.
REPORTING VERBS
(AKTARMA FİİLLERİ)
Say ve tell dışında sıkça kullanılan diğer aktarma fiillerine örnek olarak explain, state, point out, complain, add, admit, inform, scream, reply, protest, object, promise, remark, comment, shout ve announce verilebilir.
Her ikisi de “söylemek”, “demek” anlamına gelen say ve tell fiilleri arasında bir kullanım farkı vardır.
Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyerek say ve tell arasındaki kullanım farkını keşfetmeye çalışınız.
George: I have met Mary.
He told me (that) he had met Mary. (O bana Mary’le tanıştığını söyledi.)
He said (that) he had met Mary. (O Mary’le tanıştığını söyledi.)
Say’den sonra sözün kime söylendiği belirtilmez.
He said me …
He said him …
She said us …
Ancak kullanımı yaygın olmasa da say fiilinden sonra to getirilerek sözün kime aktarıldığı ifade edilebilir.
He said to us (that) he had met Sam.
He said to me …
He said to him …
Yukarıda da ifade ettiğimiz gibi aktarma fiili say ve tell’den sonra aktardığımız cümlenin tense’i değişmektedir. Ayrıca kişi zamirleri, nesne zamirler, iyelik sıfatları ve zaman zarfları da değişebilir.
Aşağıdaki örnekler üzerinden bir cümle aktarılırken hangi değişikliklerin yapıldığını inceleyelim.
Andrew: I travel a lot in my job.
He told me (that) he travelled a lot in his job.
He said (that) he travelled a lot in his job.
He said to me (that) he travelled a lot in his job.
1. Andrew kendisinden söz ederken doğal olarak "I” şahıs zamirini kullanmaktadır. Onun cümlesini aktaran kişi ise Andrew’den bahsederken “he” şahıs zamirini kullanmak zorundadır.
2. Andrew Simple Present Tense’de bir cümle kurmuştur. Cümlesini aktaran kişiyse tense’i değiştirerek Simple Past Tense’de cümleyi aktarmıştır.
3. Andrew mesleğinden söz ederken “my job” demiştir. Ancak cümleyi aktaran kişi onun mesleğinden bahsettiği için “his job” demek zorundadır.
Linda: I will do my homework tomorrow.
Linda told me (that) she would do her homework the following day.
Linda said (that) she would do her homework the following day.
Linda said to me (that) she would do her homework the following day.
I becomes she.
Will becomes would.
Tomorrow becomes the following day.
I
Reported speech’de tense değişiklikleri:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Tense of to be Past Tense of to be
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Past Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
am / is / are going to was / were going to
shall / will should / would
should / would should / would
can could
could could
must, have to had to (zorunluluk)
must must (tahmin, çıkarım)
will have to would have to
don’t have to didn’t have to
mustn’t wasn’t, weren’t to do, mustn’t (yasaklama)
should, ought to should, ought to
had better had better
may might
might might
used to used to
Bir cümleyi aktarırken ilk olarak dikkat etmemiz gereken şey cümlenin yapısıdır. Aktarmak istediğimiz cümle olumlu veya olumsuz bir cümle olabilir. Eğer bir soru cümlesini aktarıyorsak cümlenin soru kelimeli bir soru mu yoksa cevabı evet / hayır türünden bir soru mu olduğuna dikkat etmemiz gerekir. Emir cümlelerinin aktarılması ise daha farklı şekillerde olabilir.
1. Olumlu ve olumsuz cümlelerin aktarılması
2. Soru cümlelerinin aktarılması
3. Emir cümlelerinin aktarılması
1. REPORTING STATEMENTS
(OLUMLU VE OLUMSUZ CÜMLELERİN AKTARILMASI)
Daha önce ifade ettiğimiz gibi olumlu veya olumsuz bir cümleyi aktarırken aktardığımız cümlenin tense’ini değiştiririz. Ayrıca şahıs zamiri de sözü kimin söylediğine bağlı olarak değişir.
Present Tense of to be becomes Past Tense of to be
(am, is, are becomes was, were)
Thomas: I am tired.
(Thomas: Yorgunum.)
Thomas / He said that he was tired.
(Thomas / O yorgun olduğunu söyledi.)
Örnekte görüldüğü gibi sözü söyleyen kişi Thomas’dır. Thomas kendinden bahsederken doğal olarak “I” şahıs zamirini kullanmaktadır. Ancak onun bu cümlesini aktaran kişi Thomas’tan söz ederken onun için “he” şahıs zamirini kullanır. Ayrıca tense’de değişir ve is (auxiliary verb) was’a dönüşür.
Mother: The children are bored.
She said that the children were bored.
Simple Present Tense becomes Simple Past Tense
Mary: I know a lot of people in London.
(Mary: Londra’da pek çok insan tanıyorum.)
Mary / She said that she knew a lot of people in London.
(Mary / O Londra’da pek çok insan tanıdığını söyledi.)
Yukarıdaki örnekte de görüldüğü gibi reported speech’de geniş zaman (Simple Present Tense) geçmiş zamana (Simple Past Tense) dönüşür.
Sözü söyleyen kişi olan Mary, kendisinden bahsederken doğal olarak “I” şahıs zamirini kullanıyor. Ancak Mary’nin söylediği cümleyi aktaran kişi, Mary’den bahsederken she şahıs zamirini kullanmalıdır. Mary geniş zamanda bir cümle kurduğu için fiilin infinitive (V1) halini kullanmıştır. Fakat bu cümleyi aktaran kişi cümleyi di’li geçmiş zaman olan Simple Past Tense’e dönüştürmek zorunda olduğu için fiilin past biçimini (V2) kullanır.
Şimdi aşağıdaki benzer örnekleri inceleyiniz.
Lisa: I want to learn Japanese.
(Lisa: Japonca öğrenmek istiyorum.)
Lisa / She said that she wanted to learn Japanese.
(Lisa / O Japonca öğrenmek istediğini söyledi.)
Tom: My mother works for an international company.
(Tom: Annem uluslararası bir şirkette çalışıyor.)
Tom / He said that his mother worked for an international company.
(Tom / O annesinin uluslararası bir şirkette çalıştığını söyledi.)
Present Continuous Tense becomes Past Continuous Tense
Angelina: We are having a good time here.
(Angelina: Burada güzel vakit geçiriyoruz.)
Angelina / She said that they were having a good time there.
(Angelina / O orada güzel vakit geçirdiklerini söyledi.)
“We” şahıs zamirinden anladığımıza göre Angelina yalnız değil ve birlikte olduğu insanlarla güzel zaman geçirdiğini söylüyor. Bu yüzden kendini ve yanındakileri kastederken doğal olarak “biz” (we) şahıs zamirini kullanıyor. Ancak bu sözü aktaran kişi, Angelina ve beraberindekilerden bahsederken grubun içinde olmadığı için “onlar” (they) şahıs zamirini kullanıyor. Ayrıca Angelina bulunduğu yerden söz ederken “burada” kelimesini kullanıyor. Söz aktarılırken aktaran kişi Angelina’nın bulunduğu yerde olmadığı için “here” yerine “there” (orada) kelimesini kullanıyor.
Ken: Sam and Linda are getting married next week.
(Ken: Sam ve Linda gelecek hafta evleniyor.)
Ken / He said that Sam and Linda were getting married the following week.
(Ken / O, Sam ve Linda’nın gelecek hafta evleneceklerini söyledi.)
Simple Past Tense becomes Past Perfect Tense
Sally: They were in Qatar two months ago.
(Sally: Onlar iki hafta önce Katar’daydı.)
Sally / She told me that they had been in Qatar two months before.
(Sally / O bana onların iki hafta önce Katar’da olduğunu söyledi.)
Daniel: Our car was stolen last night.
(Daniel: Arabamız dün gece çalındı.)
Daniel / He told the police that their car had been stolen the previous night.
(Daniel / O polise arabalarının önceki gece çalındığını söyledi.)
Yukarıdaki örnek cümlede de görüldüğü gibi Simple Past Tense’le söylenen bir cümleyi aktarırken Past Perfect Tense (miş’li geçmiş zaman) kullanırız. Ancak yukarıdaki cümlenin bir özelliği de edilgen (passive) olmasıdır. Bu yüzden cümle aktarılırken Past Perfect Tense’in edilgen yapısı kullanılır.
was / were V3 becomes
Present Perfect Tense becomes Past Perfect Tense
Tony: I haven’t been to Paris.
(Tony: Paris’te hiç bulunmadım.)
Tony / He said that he hadn’t been to Paris.
(Tony / O Paris’te hiç bulunmadığını söyledi.)
“Mr Abbott has just left”, the secretary said.
(“Mr Abbott az önce ayrıldı”, dedi sekreter.)
The secretary said that Mr Abbott had just left.
(Sekreter Mr Abbott’un az önce ayrıldığını söyledi.)
The Prime Minister: All the necessary precautions have been taken.
(Başbakan: Tüm gerekli önlemler alındı.)
The Prime Minister said that all the necessary precautions had been taken.
(Başbakan tüm gerekli önlemlerin alındığını söyledi.)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense becomes Past Perfect Continuous Tense
“I've been looking forward to having dinner with you”, Harry said to Julie.
(“Seninle akşam yemeği yemeyi iple çekiyorum”, dedi Harry Julie’ye.)
Harry told Julie (that) he'd been looking forward to having dinner with her.
(Harry Julie’ye onunla akşam yemeği yemeyi iple çektiğini söyledi.)
Tom: It has been raining all day.
(Tom: Sabahtan beri yağmur yağıyor.)
Tom / He said that it had been raining all day.
Tom / O sabahtan beri yağmur yağdığını söyledi.
Past Continuous Tense becomes Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The driver of the lorry: I wasn’t driving very fast at the time of the accident.
(Kamyon şoförü: Kaza anında çok hızlı sürmüyordum.)
The driver of the lorry said that he hadn’t been driving very fast at the time of the accident.
Kamyon şoförü kaza anında çok hızlı sürmediğini söyledi.
Past Perfect stays the same: (Past perfect)
David: I hadn’t flown before.
(David: Daha önce uçağa binmemiştim.)
David / He said that he hadn’t flown before.
David / O daha önce uçağa binmediğini söyledi.
Arthur: I had seen the film before.
(Arthur: Daha önce o filmi görmüştüm.)
Arthur / O He told me that he had seen the film before.
Arthur / O bana o filmi daha önce gördğünü söyledi.
Going to Future Tense becomes Future in the Past
(am / is / are going to V1 becomes was / were going to V1)
Ali: Everything is going to be alright.
(Ali: Herşey iyi olacak. / Herşey yoluna girecek.)
Ali / He said that everything was going to be alright.
Ali / O herşeyin iyi olacağını / yoluna gireceğini söyledi.
Luke: We are going to watch football on TV.
(Luke: Televizyonda futbol maçı seyredeceğiz.)
Luke / He said that they were going to watch football on TV.
Luke / O televizyonda futbol maçı seyredeceklerini söyledi.
shall / will becomes should / would
Miranda: I shall help you right away.
(Miranda: Sana hemen yardım edeyim.)
Mirand / She told me that she would help me right away.
Miranda / O bana hemen yardım edeceğini söyledi.
Linda: I’ll call you later.
(Linda: Seni daha sonra ararım.)
Linda / She said that she would call me later.
Linda / O beni daha sonra arayacağını söyledi.
Sarah: I won’t be able to help you tomorrow.
(Sarah: Sana yarın yardım edemeyeceğim.)
Sarah / She told me that she wouldn’t be able to help me the following day.
Sarah / O yarın bana yardım edemeyeceğini söyledi.
Lulu: I don’t think there will be another world war.
(Lulu: Bir dünya savaşı daha olacağını sanmıyorum.)
Lulu / She said that she didn’t think there would be another world war.
Lulu / O bir dünya savaşı daha olacağını sanmadığını söyledi.
can becomes could / would be able to
Amber: I can’t cook very well.
(Amber: Ben çok iyi yemek yapamıyorum / yapamam.)
Amber / She said that she couldn’t cook very well.
Amber / O çok iyi yemek yapamadığını söyledi.
My father: Don’t worry. I can help you tomorrow.
(Babam: Endişelenme. Ben yarın sana yardım edebilirim.)
My father / He told me that he would be able to help me the following day.
Babam / O bana yarın yardım edebileceğini söyledi.
Tim: She cannot afford a new car.
(Tim: Yeni bir araba almaya maddi açıdan gücü yetmiyor.)
Tim / He said that she could not afford a new car.
Tim / O onun yeni bir araba almaya maddi açıdan gücünün yetmediğini söyledi.
could stays the same: (could)
Sam: My uncle could run very fast in the past.
(Sam: Amcam eskiden çok hızlı koşabiliyordu.)
Sam / He said that his uncle could run very fast in the past.
Sam / O amcasının eskiden çok hızlı koşabildiğini söyledi.
must / have to (zorunluluk / gereklilik) becomes had to
Must ve have to present (geniş zaman) anlam taşıyorsa ve zorunluluk bildiriyorsa had to olur.
Pam: We must study harder.
(Pam: Daha çok ders çalışmalıyız.)
Pam / She said that they had to study harder.
Pam / O daha çok ders çalışmaları gerektiğini söyledi.
The teacher: You have to obey the rules.
(Öğretmen: Kurallara uymak zorundasınız.)
The teacher told us that we had to obey the rules.
Öğretmen bize kurallara uymak zorunda olduğumuzu söyledi.
The doctor: You mustn’t eat fatty food.
(Doktor: Yağlı yiyecekler yememelisin.)
The doctor told me that I mustn’t eat fatty food.
Doktor bana yağlı yiyecekler yememem gerektiğini söyledi.
must / have to / will have to becomes would have to
Bildiğiniz gibi must ve have to gelecekten söz ederken de kullanılır. Bu durumda must, have to ve gelecekten söz ederken kullandığımız will have to aktarılırken would have to olur.
Sue: I must work tomorrow. (Yarın çalışmalıyım.)
Sue: I have to work tomorrow. (Yarın çalışmak zorundayım.)
Sue: I will have to work tomorrow. (Yarın çalışmak zorunda kalacağım.)
Sue / She said that she would have to work the next day.
(Sue / O yarın çalışmak zorunda olduğunu söyledi.)
must (çıkarım / tahmin) stays the same: (must)
Brother: Dad went to bed early.
Sister: He must be very tired.
Erkek kardeş: Babam erkenden yattı.
Kız kardeş: Çok yorgun olmalı.
My sister / She said that my father / he must be very tired.
(Kız kardeşim babamın çok yorgun olması gerektiğini söyledi.)
should / ought to / had better stays the same: (should / ought to / had better)
Doctor: Your diet should be balanced.
My doctor told me that my diet should be balanced.
(Doktorum bana beslenmemin dengeli olması gerektiğini söyledi.)
Dad: You ought to listen to your teacher carefully.
My father told me that I ought to listen to my teacher carefully.
(Babam bana öğretmenimi dikkatle dinlemem gerektiğini söyledi.)
Arthur: You shouldn't do that if you don't really want to.
Arthur said (that) I shouldn't do that if I didn't really want to.
(Arthur bana eğer istemiyorsam bunu yapmamam gerektiğini söyledi.)
may becomes might
Dexter: We may go to Italy on holiday next summer.
Dexter said that they might go to Italy on holiday the following summer.
(Dexter gelecek yaz tatilde İtalya’ya gidebileceklerini söyledi.)
The Minister of Economy: The inflation rate may go down next year.
The Minister of Economy said that the inflation rate might go down the following year.
(Ekonomi bakanı gelecek yıl enflasyon oranının düşebileceğini söyledi.)
might stays the same: might
Deniz: There might be another world war soon.
Deniz said that there might be another world war soon.
(Deniz yakında bir dünya savaşı daha olabileceğini söyledi.)
used to stays the same: (used to)
My father: I used to smoke a lot.
My father said that he used to smoke a lot.
(Babam eskiden çok sigara içtiğini söyledi.)
would, would rather, would prefer, would like, would hate stays the same:
Aşağıdaki yapılar dolaylı anlatımda gerekli zamir değişiklikleri dışında herhangi bir değişikliğe uğramaz.
would
would rather
Subject would prefer V1 object
would like
would hate
Sally: I would rather swim in the sea than lie on the beach.
- Sally said that she would rather swim in the sea than lie on the beach.
(Sally plajda yatmaktansa denizde yüzmeyi tercih ettiğini söyledi.)
Nick: I would like some tea.
- Nick said that he would like some tea.
(Nick biraz çay istediğini söyledi.)
Bilimsel gerçekler ve geçerliliği devam eden doğrular aktarılırken “tense” değişikliği yapılmaz.
Teacher: The earth goes around the sun.
- The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.
(Öğretmen dünyanın güneşin etrafında döndüğünü söyledi.)
here becomes there
Kast edilen yer açık bir şekilde anlaşılıyorsa “here” “there” olur.
Outside the cinema this morning he said, “I will meet you here tomorrow”.
Outside the cinema this morning he said that he would meet me there the next day.
The tour guide: Atatürk stayed here.
The tour guide said that Atatürk had stayed there.
this becomes that, the or it
Zaman ifadelerinde kullanılan “this” genellikle “that” olur.
Mary: We are flying to New York this week.
Mary said that they were flying to New York that week.
this becomes the
Sıfat olarak kullanılan “this” ve “that” genellikle “the” olur.
Andrew: I bought this present for my mother.
He said that he had bought the present for his mother.
this becomes it / that
these becomes they or them
Zamir olarak kullanılan “this” aktarılırken “it” olur.
“This” zamir olarak kullanıldığında bazen “that” olarak da aktarılabilir. (Özellikle önceki cümlede bahsedilen bir şeye işaret ediyorsa).
Örneğin: This is what I meant. → He said that was what he meant.
Yani sadece “it” değil, “that” de doğru olabilir; bu bağlama bağlıdır.
Zamir olarak kullanılan “these” ise “they” veya “them” olur.
Linda: He bought these in a shop in London.
Linda said that he had bought them in a shop in London.
Expressions of time in Reported Speech
Direct Indirect
now becomes then
My father: She is studying for her final exams now.
He said that she was studying for her final exams then.
now becomes immediately
Eğer “now” kelimesi “hemen şimdi” veya “vakit kaybetmeden” anlamında kullanılıyorsa “immediately” olur. Bu yalnızca emir cümlelerinde (imperatives) mümkündür.
The boss: Do it now.
The boss told me to do it immediately.
today becomes that day
Max: I had an accident today.
He said that he had had an accident that day.
tonight becomes that night
Ken: I will meet her tonight.
Ken said that he would meet her that night.
yesterday becomes the day before (the previous day)
Hugh: I was very busy yesterday.
He said that he had been very busy the day before / the previous day.
the day after tomorrow becomes in two days’ time / two days later
Alice: We are leaving New York the day after tomorrow.
She said that they were leaving New York in two days’ time / two days later.
the day before yesterday becomes two days before (two days earlier)
Patrick: Thomas offered me a job the day before yesterday.
Patrick said Thomas had offered him a job two days before / two days earlier.
last week becomes the previous week (the week before)
My sister: I wasn’t able to change the shoes I bought last week.
My sister said that she hadn’t been able to change the shoes she had bought the previous week / the week before.
last month becomes the previous month (the month before)
Karen: We had a nice holiday last month.
Karen told me that they had had a nice holiday the previous month / the month before.
last year becomes the previous year (the year before)
The reporter: They invaded the islands last year.
He said that they had invaded the islands the previous year / the year before.
last night becomes the previous night (the night before)
Gary: We had a great time at the party last night.
Gary said that they had had a great time at the party the previous night / the night before.
yesterday morning becomes the previous morning
yesterday afternoon becomes the previous afternoon
yesterday evening becomes the previous evening
My mother: You didn’t brush your teeth yesterday evening.
My mother told me that I hadn’t brushed my teeth the previous evening.
a year ago becomes a year before (the previous year)
Liam: The house belonged to me until I sold it a year ago.
He said that the house had belonged to him until he had sold it a year before / the previous year.
a month ago becomes a month before (the previous month)
Alice: They emigrated from Syria to the USA a month ago.
Alice said that they had emigrated from Syria to the USA a month before / the previous month.
a week ago becomes a week before (the previous week)
Tony: They got married a week ago.
Tony told me that they had got married a week before / the previous week.
tomorrow becomes the next day / the following day
The weather reporter: It will be freezing tomorrow.
The weather reporter said that it would be freezing the following day / the next day.
next week becomes the following week
The manager: I will deal with this matter next week.
The manager said that he would deal with that matter the following week.
next month becomes the following month
My father: I am going to paint the walls next month.
My father said that he was going to paint the walls the following month.
next summer becomes the following summer
Dexter: We may go to Italy on holiday next summer.
He said that they might go to Italy on holiday the following summer.
next year becomes the following year
The Minister of Economy: The inflation rate may go down next year.
The Minister of Economy said that the inflation rate might go down the following year.
In one hour becomes one hour later / in an hour’s time
Tony: He will be back in an hour.
Tony said that he would be back one hour later / in an hour’s time.
two minutes ago becomes two minutes before
Mary: He left two minutes ago.
She said that he had left two minutes before.
DIRECT SPEECH
(DOLAYSIZ ANLATIM)
1. Birinin cümlesini hiçbir değişiklik yapmadan, tırnak içinde aktarmaktır.
Bir kişinin cümlesi direct speech (dolaysız anlatım) yoluyla da aktarılabilir. Direct speech birinin cümlesini bir başkasına aktarırken hiçbir değişiklik yapmadan tekrar etmektir. Bu durumda aktarılan söz yazıda tırnak içine alınır.
Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz.
Mary: I have travelled a lot.
Şimdi Mary’nin cümlesini (direct speech) dolaysız anlatımla aktaralım.
She said, “I have travelled a lot.”
veya
“I have travelled a lot,” she said.
Tom’un sorusunu (direct speech) dolaysız anlatımla aktaralım.
Tom: Can you swim?
He asked, “Can you swim?”
veya
“Can you swim?” he asked.
2. Aktarma fiili (reporting verb) Simple Present, Present Perfect ya da Simple Future ise aktarılan cümlenin tense’i aynı kalır. Ancak gerekli zamir değişiklikleri yapılır.
Linda: I am bored.
Linda says (that) she is bored.
Linda has told me (that) she is bored.
Linda will tell you (that) she is bored.
1. Report the following statements.
1. Tim: My father works hard.
He said ____________________________________________________________.
2. My sister: I will tell my mum what you have done.
My sister told me ____________________________________________________.
3. My friend: You can come to visit me if you are ever in Paris.
My friend told me ____________________________________________________.
4. Kelly: Tim fell off his bike last week but he wasn’t injured.
She said ___________________________________________________________.
5. Andrew: I met her at a party a few months ago.
Andrew ___________________________________________________________.
6. Larry: Mary likes Tony.
He said that ________________________________________________________.
7. David: Mary has got a lot of friends.
He ________________________________________________________________.
8. My sister: I won’t help you with your homework.
___________________________________________________________________.
9. Miranda: My son wants to become an architect.
___________________________________________________________________.
10. Lilly: They have just got married.
She said that ________________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY
1. He said that his father worked hard.
2. My sister told me that she would tell her mum what I had done.
3. My friend told me that I could come to visit him if I was ever in Paris.
4. She said that Tim had fallen off his bike the previous week but he hadn’t been injured.
5. Andrew said that he had met her at a party a few months before.
6. He said that Mary liked Tony.
7. He said that Mary had got a lot of friends.
8. My sister said that she wouldn’t help me with my homework.
9. Miranda said that her son wanted to become an architect.
10. She said that they had just got married.
2. Report the following statements.
1. Mark and Lisa: We have never been here before.
They said that _______________________________________________________.
2. Juliet: I’ll have to see Jack next week.
She said that ________________________________________________________.
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3. Tina: My brother is chatting with his friends on the internet at the moment.
She said that ________________________________________________________.
4. Teacher: Your pronunciation is very good.
The teacher told me that _______________________________________________.
5. Amanda: I can’t read your handwriting.
She told me that _____________________________________________________.
6. Lucy: We ought to see each other more often.
Lucy told her that _____________________________________________________.
7. Helen’s father: Our car was stolen last night.
Helen’s father said that ________________________________________________.
8. My friend: I was watching football at 8.00 o’clock yesterday.
My friend told me _____________________________________________________.
9. Tony: She used to live alone last year.
Tony said that _______________________________________________________.
10. Jack: I was thinking of having a holiday in India, but I changed my mind.
Jack said ___________________________________________________________.
11. The man: My son may study medicine at university.
The man said that ____________________________________________________.
12. Our teacher: You should speak English in class.
Our teacher told us ___________________________________________________.
13. The mechanic: I won’t be able to fix his car today.
He said that _________________________________________________________.
14. Sue: I have already seen that film twice.
She told me that _____________________________________________________.
15. Kate: I have no idea where her sister is.
Kate said that _______________________________________________________.
16. My friend: We get on very well with each other. We are a close family
My friend told me that _________________________________________________.
He also said that _____________________________________________________.
17. My mother: I have been working hard recently.
My mother said that ___________________________________________________.
18. Suzy: I must go.
She said that ________________________________________________________.
19. The woman: I will be in Athens next week.
She said that ________________________________________________________.
20. Max: You must be joking.
He said that _________________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY
1. They said that they had never been there before.
2. She said that she would have to see Jack the following week.
3. She said that her brother was chatting with his friends on the internet at that moment.
4. The teacher told me that my pronunciation was very good.
5. She told me that she couldn’t read my handwriting.
6. Lucy told her that they ought to see each other more often.
7. Helen’s father said that their car had been stolen the previous night.
8. My friend told me that he had been watching football at 8.00 o’clock the previous day.
9. Tony said that she had used to live alone the previous year.
10. Jack said that he had been thinking of having a holiday in India, but he had changed his mind.
11. The man said that his son might study medicine at university.
12. Our teacher told us that we should speak English in class.
13. He said that he wouldn’t be able to fix his car that day.
14. She told me that she had already seen that film twice.
15. Kate said that she had no idea where her sister was.
16. My friend told me that they got on very well with each other. He also said that they were a close family.
17. My mother said that she had been working hard recently.
18. She said that she had to go.
19. She said that she would be in Athens the following week.
20. He said that I must be joking.
3. Report the following statements.
1. The doctor: Brian must have an operation.
___________________________________________________________________.
2. Ben: You’d better not go out in this weather.
___________________________________________________________________.
3. My mother: She might not apply for that job.
___________________________________________________________________.
4. The scientist: We all have to protect our environment or our resources will disappear.
___________________________________________________________________.
5. Our teacher: You must walk carefully in winter.
___________________________________________________________________.
6. Steve: He must be at least 20 years old.
___________________________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY
1. The doctor said that Brian had to have an operation.
2. Ben said that I had better not go out in that weather.
3. My mother said that she might not apply for that job.
4. The scientist said that they all had to protect their environment or their resources would disappear.
5. Our teacher told us that we had to walk carefully in winter.
6. Steve said that he must have been at least 20 years old.