RELATIVE CLAUSE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)

 

Main clause: Ana cümle

 

Relative clause (Adjective clause): İlgi / Sıfat cümleciği

 

Relative pronouns: (İlgi zamirleri) who / which / whom / that / whose / where / when / why

 

define: (v.) tanımlamak, tarif etmek, açıklamak                      

definition: (n.) tanım         

defining: (adj.) tanımlayan, tarif eden, açıklayan

 

Relative clause temel olarak 2’ye ayrılır.

 

1. Defining relative clause bir ismi tanımlayan, tarif eden, açıklayan ya da niteleyen cümleciktir.  

 

2. Non-defining relative clause (extra-information clause) ise ismi tanımlamaz ama onunla ilgili ekstra bilgi verir.

 

1. Defining Relative Clause

 

Cümlenin öznesini veya nesnesini (ismi) tarif etmek (tanımlamak) istediğimizde relative clause yapıya ihtiyaç duyarız. Bunu yapmak için tarif etmek istediğimiz isimden sonra bir relative pronoun (ilgi zamiri) ve ardından da relative clause (ilgi cümleciği) getirilir.

 

Aşağıdaki ifadeleri inceleyiniz.

 

who / that: bir insanı tarif etmek için who veya that kullanılır.

 

- a woman who / that knows you

           R.P.          R.C.

- the man who / that delivered the pizza

 

- the new student who / that came to our class

 

- the boy who / that helped us

 

- the woman who / that wants to buy our car

 

- the waitress who / that served us

 

- the man who / that translated the letter for us

 

- the girl who / that is talking to Tom

 

- the doctor who / that treated my grandfather

 

- the man who / that is driving the car

 

- the students who / that failed the exam

 

- the young couple who / that were staying in our hotel

 

- the athlete who / that won the race

 

- the girl who / that has just smiled at you

 

- the girl who / that shares the flat with me

 

- someone who / that can speak three languages

 

- the shopkeeper who / that sold this perfume to me

 

who / whom / that / -

 

- the girl who / that / whom / - my brother loves

 

- the man who / that / whom / - you work with

 

- the man who / that / whom / - she lives with

 

- the woman who / that / whom / - my uncle is dancing with

 

- the woman who / that / whom / - the police were questioning  

 

- the girl who / that / whom / - I share the flat with

 

which / that: cansız varlıkları, eşyaları, soyut kavramları ve hayvanları tarif etmek için which veya that kullanılır.

 

- the dog which / that attacked me

 

- the coach which / that goes to London

 

- a country which / that has always interested me

 

- the church which / that was built two hundred years ago

 

- the bill which / that came this morning

 

which / that / -

 

- the bridge which / that / - my father designed

 

- the novel which / that / - my sister is reading nowadays

 

- the novel which / that / - my sister read last week

 

- the restaurant which / that / - David recommended

 

- the jeans which / that / - my sister bought yesterday

 

- the road which / that / - we took

 

- the film which / that / - we saw yesterday

I

- the supermarket which / that / - I went to  

 

- the best meal which / that / - I’ve ever eaten

 

- the new planet which / that / - he discovered  

 

- the old mosque which / that / - we visited

 

whose: insanların bağlantılı olduğu kişileri / eşyalarını ve cansız varlıkların bir parçasını tarif etmek için whose kullanılır.

 

Whose yerine that kullanılamaz.

 

- the man whose car was stolen

 

- the boy whose elder sister is a nurse

 

- the woman whose dress was red

 

- the girl whose hat was blown away

 

- a bank whose services are reliable

 

- a country whose population is steadily rising

 

- a building whose windows are huge

 

- a cat whose tail was injured  

 

where: belirtilen mekanda vuku bulan (gerçekleşen) olay veya eylemleri ifade etmek için ayrıca söz konusu mekanda bulunan (var olan) canlıları veya nesneleri söylerken where kullanılır.  

 

- the hospital where he was born

 

- the hotel where we stayed

 

- the house where they live

 

- the baker’s where she buys bread

 

- the restaurant where we are having lunch now

 

- the museum where there are many ancient artefacts  

 

Aşağıdaki cümleleri inceleyiniz.

 

- The people who / that live next door make a lot of noise.

 

- The tree which / that will be cut down is almost 50 years old.

 

- The policeman who / that stopped me in the street wanted to see my identity card.

 

- The doctor who / that treated my grandfather is moving to another town.

 

- The writer who / that wrote this book is very famous.

 

- The coach which / that goes to London leaves from here.

 

- I met a woman who / that knows you.

 

- I paid the man who / that delivered the pizza.

 

- I told you about the new student who / that came to our class.

 

- He is the boy who / that helped us.

 

- They are the people who / that attacked me.

 

- She is the woman who / that wants to buy our car.

 

- She is the waitress who / that served us.

 

- He is the man who / that translated the letter for us.

 

- Do you know the girl who / that is talking to Tom?

 

- Kenya is a country which / that has always interested me.

 

- We thanked the man who / that saved us.

 

- There are loads of people who / that believe in UFOs.

 

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- The road which / that / - we took led to the port.

I

- The girl who / that / whom / - my brother loves is from Finland.

 

- The supermarket which / that / - I went to didn’t have any sugar.   

 

- The film which / that / - we saw yesterday was interesting.

 

- The woman who / that / whom / - my uncle is dancing with wants to work with us.

 

- The man who / that / whom / - I invited to my party is an old friend of mine.

 

 

- That’s the bridge which / that / - my father designed.

 

- This is the novel which / that / - my sister is reading nowadays.

 

- We went to the restaurant which / that / - David recommended.

 

- I met the man who / that / whom / - you work with.

 

- That is the best meal which / that / - I’ve ever eaten.

 

Belli bir meslek erbabını tanımlarken relative clause sıklıkla kullanılır.

 

- A novelist is a person / someone who writes novels.

- A doctor is a person / someone who treats patients.

- A nurse is a person / someone who looks after patients.

- A pilot is a person / someone who flies a plane.

- An architect is a person / someone who designs buildings.

- A customer is a person / somebody who buys something from a shop.

 

Belli bir varlığın ne olduğunu veya ne işe yaradığını tarif ederken de relative clause sıklıkla kullanılır.

 

- A knife is a thing / something which / that we use to cut things with.

- A dolphin is an animal which / that lives in the sea.

- A dictionary is a book which / that gives the meaning of words.

- A computer is a machine which / that stores information.

- A thermometer is an instrument which / that measures the temperature.

- A lawnmower is a machine which / that is used for cutting grass.

 

Relative clause belgisiz zamirlerden sonra da gelebilir.

 

- A policeman is someone who catches criminals.

- It is something which / that / - you like very much.

- Is there anyone who knows the answer to this question?

- Everyone who has helped us will get their share.

- Everyone who / that / whom / - Mira spoke to advised her not to drop out of college.

- You shouldn’t eat or drink anything which / that has been infected.

 

Relative clause’da farklı tense’ler kullanılabilir. 

 

- the girl who is dancing with Tom

- the girl who danced with Tom at the party yesterday

 

- the key that is on the table       (the keys that are on the table)

- the key that was on the table   (the keys that were on the table)  

 

- the city where my uncle lives

- the city where my uncle lived

- the city where my uncle has been living for eight years / since 2022

- the hotel where they are staying

- the hotel where they stayed

- the clothes shop where I bought my jeans

- the clothes shop where I usually buy my jeans

 

- the restaurant where we had dinner

- the restaurant where we are going to have dinner

 

Relative clause’da ve main clause’da ifade edilen eylemler farklı zamanlarda gerçekleşmiş olabilir. Bu yüzden tense’leri de farklıdır.

Aşağıdaki cümleyi inceleyiniz.

The man who / that was wounded in a gunshot accident a few minutes ago is being taken to the hospital now.

(Birkaç dakika önce bir ateşli silah kazasında yaralanan adam şu anda hastaneye kaldırılıyor.)

 

Aşağıdaki cümlelerde özne-fiil uyumuna dikkat ediniz.

 

- The man who / that is helping the injured child is a doctor.

- The men who / that are helping the injured child are doctors.

 

- The book which / that is on the desk belongs to me.

- The books which / that are on the desk belong to me.