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(SİSTEME KAYIT OL, BU DERSİN VİDEOSUNU İZLE.)
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PAST TENSE OF TO BE
(GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN / İSİM CÜMLELERİ)
Past Tense of “to be”
(Geçmiş zamanda isim cümleleri)
Daha önce isim cümlelerinin eylem değil, durum bildirdiğinden söz etmiştik. Di’li geçmiş zamanda isim cümleleri geçmişte kalmış durumları ifade ederken kullanılır. Aşağıdaki cümleler eylemleri veya olayları değil, geçmişte kalmış durumları bildirmektedir. Bu yüzden isim cümlesi olarak adlandırılırlar.
- Dün çok yorgundum.
- Babam geçen hafta Ankara’daydı.
- O bize karşı çok nazikti.
- Geçen yıl lisedeydim.
- Geçen hafta hava çok soğuktu.
Daha önce şimdiki zamanda isim cümlesi (Present Tense of to be) kurmayı öğrenmiştik. Bunun için aşağıdaki tabloda da görüldüğü gibi özneden sonra “olmak fiilleri” olarak da adlandırdığımız am / is / are yardımcı fiillerinden birini ve sonra da subject complement getirdiğimizi hatırlayalım.
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Subject am / is / are subject complement time expression |
Di’li geçmiş zamanda isim cümlesi kurmak bundan çok farklı değildir. Sadece yardımcı fiiller farklıdır. Bir başka değişle am, is ve are yerine was veya were yardımcı fiillerinden birini kullanırız.
Positive sentences (Olumlu cümleler)
Simple Past Tense’de isim cümleleri özneyle başlar. Daha sonra “olmak fiili” to be’nin geçmiş hali olan was veya were getirilir. Son olarak subject complement ve eğer gerekliyse zaman ifadesi en sonda yer alır.
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Subject was / were subject complement time expression |
Şahıs zamirleri I / he / she / it’den sonra yardımcı fiil (to be fiili) olarak was kullanılır.
Şahıs zamirleri we / you / they’den sonra yardımcı fiil (to be fiili) olarak were kullanılır.
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I He was subject complement She It |
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We You were subject complement They |
Subject complement, Present Tense of to be (şimdiki zamanda isim cümleleri) konusunda açıkladığımız gibi isim (noun), sıfat (adjective), sıfat tamlaması (adjective + noun) veya edat ve isimden oluşan bir söz öbeği (prepositional phrase) olabilir.
nouns adjectives adj. + noun prep. phrase
student tired a hot day in Ankara
doctor young a high mountain on the table
teacher kind an expensive bag under the table
table ill a tall man with my friends
- I am a teacher.
- I was a teacher.
- My mother is a chef.
- My mother was a chef.
- John is ill.
- John was ill yesterday.
- She is in Liverpool.
- She was in Liverpool yesterday.
- They are expensive.
- They were expensive.
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- Their teachers are very strict.
- Their teachers were very strict.
- John and Jack are workers.
- John and Jack were workers ten years ago.
- We are at home now.
- We were at home two hours ago.
- My colleagues are very nice people.
- My colleagues were very nice people.
- It is an expensive computer.
- It was an expensive computer.
- Your cat is under the tree.
- Your cat was under the tree ten minutes ago.
- Our teacher is very nice.
- Our teacher was very nice.
- The books are on the desk.
- The books were on the desk.
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Subject was / were subject complement time expression |
Aşağıdaki cümleleri inceleyiniz.
- I was a teacher last year, but I am retired now.
(Geçen yıl öğretmendim ama şimdi emekliyim.)
- She was ill last week, but she is fine now.
(Geçen hafta hastaydı ama şimdi iyi.)
- Tom was very busy last month, but he is not now.
(Tom geçen ay çok yoğundu ama şimdi değil.)
- He was in Tokyo last week, but now he is in Ankara.
(O geçen hafta Tokyo’daydı ama şimdi Ankara’da.)
- They were very kind to me.
(Bana karşı çok naziktiler.)
- They were very expensive.
(Onlar çok pahalıydı.)
- Susan was with her friends last night.
(Susan dün gece arkadaşlarıyla beraberdi.)
- We were single last year, but we are married now.
(Geçen yıl bekârdık ama şimdi evliyiz.)
- He was a strong man when he was young.
(Gençken güçlü bir adamdı.)
- It was very hot yesterday.
(Dün hava çok sıcaktı.)
- It was a beautiful day.
(Güzel bir gündü.)
- Martha was on holiday last week.
(Martha geçen hafta tatildeydi.)
- The event was a huge success.
(Etkinlik büyük bir başarıydı.)
- She was tired after a long day at work.
(Uzun bir iş gününden sonra yorgundu.)
- They were there for each other in times of need.
(İhtiyaç anında birbirlerinin yanında oldular.)
- The spice trade was a good business in the past.
(Baharat ticareti geçmişte iyi bir işti.)
- Tom and Mary were very good friends when they were children.
(Tom ve Mary çocukken çok iyi arkadaştı.)
- Smallpox was a dangerous and destructive disease sixty years ago.
(Çiçek hastalığı 60 yıl önce tehlikeli ve ölümcül bir hastalıktı.)
- The invention of the Internet was the most significant discovery in the 20th century.
(İnternet'in icadı 20. yüzyıldaki en önemli keşifti.)
- My friend was here last night. ®
(Dün gece arkadaşım buradaydı.)
- My friends were here last night. ®
(Dün gece arkadaşlarım buradaydı.)
Hatırlanacağı gibi you şahıs zamiri hem “sen” hem de “siz” anlamlarına gelmektedir. Bir başka değişle hem tekil hem de çoğul şahıstır ve her iki anlamında da ardından were yardımcı fiili kullanılır.
- You were a high school student last year, but you are a university student now.
(Geçen yıl lise öğrencisiydin ama şimdi üniversite öğrencisisin.)
- You were high school students last year, but you are university students now.
(Geçen yıl lise öğrencisiydiniz, ama şimdi üniversite öğrencisisiniz.)
Negative sentences (Olumsuz cümleler)
Simple Past Tense’de olumsuz isim cümleleri was / were’den sonra sözcük türü olarak bir zarf olan not (değil) kelimesi getirilerek yapılır.
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Subject was not / were not subject complement time expression |
Was not ve were not aşağıda görüldüğü gibi kısaltılabilir. Kısa biçimleri kullanmak hiçbir anlam değişikliği yaratmaz.
Contractions (Kısaltmalar)
was not: wasn’t
were not: weren’t
Aşağıdaki cümleleri inceleyiniz.
- I wasn’t a teacher last year. I was an interpreter.
(Geçen yıl öğretmen değildim. Tercümandım.)
- She wasn’t ill last week, but she is ill now.
(O geçen hafta hasta değildi, ama şimdi hasta.)
- Tom wasn’t very busy last month, but he is now.
(Tom geçen ay çok yoğun değildi, ama şimdi öyle.)
- They weren’t in Cairo last week. They were in Ankara.
(Onlar geçen hafta Kahire’de değildi. Ankara’daydı.)
- Linda wasn’t very kind to me.
(Linda bana karşı çok nazik değildi.)
- Tony and Julie weren’t very good friends when they were children.
(Tony ve Julie çocukken çok iyi arkadaş değillerdi.)
- It wasn’t very expensive.
(Çok pahalı değildi.)
- The weather wasn’t very cold yesterday.
(Dün hava çok soğuk değildi.)
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- My father wasn’t at home at 6.00 o’clock. ® (Özne tekil olduğunda yardımcı fiil olarak was / wasn’t kullanılır.)
(Babam saat 6.00’da evde değildi.)
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- My parents weren’t at home at 6.00 o’clock. ® (Özne çoğul olduğunda yardımcı fiil olarak were / weren’t kullanılır.)
(Annem ve babam saat 6.00’da evde değillerdi.)
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Yes / No questions (Cevabı evet / hayır türünden sorular)
Cevabı evet / hayır türünden sorular yardımcı fiille (was / were) başlar. Sonra özne, subject complement ve eğer gerekliyse zaman zarfı getirilir.
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Was / Were subject subject complement time expression? Yes / No… |
A: Were you a teacher last year?
B: Yes, I was.
A: Geçen yıl öğretmen miydin?
B: Evet, öğretmendim.
A: Was she ill last week?
B: No, she wasn’t.
A: O geçen hafta hasta mıydı?
B: Hayır, değildi.
A: Was Tom busy last month?
B: Yes, he was.
A: Tom geçen ay yoğun muydu?
B: Evet, öyleydi.
A: Was he in Manchester last week?
B: No, he wasn’t. He was in London.
A: O geçen hafta Manchester’da mıydı?
B: Hayır, değildi. Londra’daydı.
A: Were they kind to you?
B: Yes, they were.
A: Onlar sana karşı nazik miydi?
B: Evet, öyleydiler.
A: Were your brothers doctors?
B: Yes, they were.
A: Kardeşlerin doktor muydu?
B: Evet, doktordular.
A: Was it cold yesterday?
B: Yes, it was.
A: Hava dün soğuk muydu?
B: Evet, soğuktu.
A: Were they expensive?
B: No, they weren’t. They were quite cheap.
A: Onlar pahalı mıydı?
B: Hayır, değildi. Oldukça ucuzdu.
Questions with a question word (Soru kelimeli sorular)
Soru kelimeli sorular soru kelimesiyle başlar. Ardından yardımcı fiil (was / were) ve özne gelir. Zaman ifadesi gerekliyse en sonda yer alabilir.
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Q.W. was / were subject time expression? |
A: Where were you last week?
B: We were in London.
A: Geçen hafta neredeydiniz?
B: Londra’daydık.
A: How was she?
B: She was ill.
A: O nasıldı?
B: Hastaydı.
A: When was the party?
B: It was last week.
A: Parti ne zamandı?
B: Geçen haftaydı.
A: Who were you with yesterday?
B: I was with Kelly.
A: Dün kiminleydin?
B: Kelly’le birlikteydim.
A: What day was it yesterday?
B: It was Wednesday.
A: Dün günlerden neydi?
B: Çarşamba’ydı.
A: Why were you angry with her?
B: Because she was very late.
A: Neden ona kızgındın?
B: Çünkü çok gecikti.
A: How was the concert?
B: It was great.
A: Konser nasıldı?
B: Harikaydı.
A: Why was he late?
B: He was late because of the heavy traffic.
A: Neden gecikti?
B: Yoğun trafikten dolayı gecikti.
A: What time was it when you came home?
B: It was about six o’clock.
A: Eve geldiğinde saat kaçtı?
B: Altı civarıydı.
A: Why were the tickets expensive last year?
B: Because there was a great demand for them.
A: Biletler geçen yıl neden pahalıydı?
B: Çünkü onlara büyük bir talep vardı.
A: How much was this computer last year?
B: It was about £1000.
A: Bu bilgisayar geçen yıl ne kadardı?
B: Bin pound civarındaydı.
Past Tense of “to be”
1. Aşağıdaki cümleleri was / were ile tamamlayınız.
1. I __________ in Switzerland last winter.
2. They __________ at school ten years ago.
3. Helen __________ at work yesterday.
4. He __________ sad last night.
5. They __________ my friends when we were at school in 1985.
6. She __________ very busy on Monday.
7. Her children __________ outside the supermarket.
8. You __________ in the museum.
9. She __________ in Colombia last week.
10. David and Gina __________ late for school yesterday.
11. His car __________ in the car park.
12. The dictionaries __________ on the desk.
13. It __________ five o’clock.
14. Who __________ you with yesterday?
15. When __________ the party?
ANSWER KEY
1. was 6. was 11. was
2. were 7. were 12. were
3. was 8. were 13. was
4. was 9. was 14. were
5. were 10. were 15. was
2. Aşağıdaki cümleleri wasn’t / weren’t ile tamamlayınız.
1. They _____________ hungry.
2. He _____________ thirsty.
3. The children _____________ in the garden.
4. Ken _____________ in Athens last month.
5. She _____________ at work yesterday.
6. The water _____________ cold.
7. It _____________ a good film.
8. We _____________ in Hawaii last summer.
9. Jane and Daniel _____________ at school this morning.
10. They _____________ happy with their salary.
ANSWER KEY
1. weren’t 6. wasn’t
2. wasn’t 7. wasn’t
3. weren’t 8. weren’t
4. wasn’t 9. weren’t
5. wasn’t 10. weren’t
3. Aşağıdaki cümleleri was / were / wasn’t / weren’t kelimelerinden biriyle tamamlamayınız.
1. ______________ you together yesterday?
2. ___________ he at Jane’s party at 9.00 o’clock yesterday?
3. Who __________ she with yesterday?
4. Mark and Sue ____________ in Paris last week. They were in Athens.
5. Where ___________ they on Saturday?
6. I ____________ with Ted two hours ago. I was with Linda.
7. A: Was he with his friends at six o’clock?
B: No, he ___________.
8. A: ___________ the weather cold yesterday?
B: No, it ___________.
9. Sally __________ fine yesterday, but she is ill now.
10. He ___________ hungry. He was full.
11. Who __________ the President of Turkey in 1977?
12. Where ____________ they yesterday?
13. ____________ Jack happy this morning?
14. ___________ your parents at home last night?
15. They ___________ at home. They were at the airport.
16. When _____________ the concert?
17. Sinan the Architect ___________ a great architect.
18. Ali and Ahmed __________ good friends when they ___________ children.
19. Where __________ the money?
20. The sugar __________ in the cupboard.
ANSWER KEY
1. Were 6. wasn’t 11. was 16. was
2. Was 7. wasn’t 12. were 17. was
3. was 8. Was - wasn’t 13. Was 18. were - were
4. weren’t 9. was 14. Were 19. was
5. were 10. wasn’t 15. weren’t 20. was